Temporal regularity of cerebral activity at rest correlates with slowness of reaction times in intellectual disability

Objective Intellectual disability (ID) is described as a general slowness in behavior and an inadequacy in adaptive skills. The present study examines whether behavioral slowness in ID could originate from abnormal complexity in brain signals. Methods Participants (N = 29) performed a reaction times (RTs) task assessing their individual information processing speeds. Half of the participants had moderate intellectual disability (intelligence quotient (IQ) < 70). Continuous electroencephalogram recording during the resting period was used to quantify brain signal complexity by approximate entropy estimation (ApEn). Results For all participants, a negative correlation between RTs and IQ was found, with longer RTs coinciding with lower IQ. This behavioral slowness in ID was associated with increased temporal regularity in electrocortical brain signals. Conclusions Behavioral slowness in ID subjects is closely related to lower brain signal complexity. Significance Brain signal ApEn is shown to correspond with processing speed for the first time: in ID participants, the higher the regularity in brain signals at rest, the slower RTs will be in the active state. ID should be understood as a lack of lability in the cortical transition to the active state, weakening the efficiency of adaptive behavior