Compliance with the 2018 World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research Cancer Prevention Recommendations and Prostate Cancer

We thank all subjects who participated in the study and all CAPLIFE collaborators and the Ingrid de Ruiter, MBChB, for English language and editing support. The results of this study are part of the doctoral thesis of Macarena Lozano-Lorca.The etiology of prostate cancer (PCa) remains largely unknown. Compliance with the 2018 World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research (WCRC/AICR) cancer prevention recommendations and its relationship to PCa was evaluated. A total of 398 incident PCa cases and 302 controls were included. The selection criteria for both cases and controls were: (i) age between 40–80 years; and (ii) residence in the coverage area of the reference hospitals for 6 months or more prior to recruitment. A score to measure the compliance with the recommendations of 2018 WCRC/AICR criteria was built. The level of compliance was used as a continuous variable and categorized in terciles. The aggressiveness of PCa was determined according to the ISUP classification. Adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and their 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were estimated using multivariable logistic regression models. A slight protective tendency was observed between the level of compliance with the preventive recommendations and PCa risk, aOR = 0.81 (95% CI 0.69–0.96) for the total cases of PCa. This association also was observed when the aggressiveness was considered. In addition, limiting consumption of “fast foods”, sugar-sweetened drinks, and alcohol were independently associated with lower risk of PCa.This research was funded by Regional Ministry of Health of Andalusia/Consejería de Salud of the Junta de Andalucía (PI-0514-2016) and Instituto de Salud Carlos III-FEDER (PI15/00914)