Kraniomandibuläre Dysfunktionen kieferorthopädische Behandlung : eine Nachuntersuchung an 100 Patienten im Alter von 15 - 18 Jahren

In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde untersucht, ob es einen Zusammenhang zwischen kraniomandibulären Dysfunktionen (CMD) und einer abgeschlossenen kieferorthopädischen Behandlung einer Klasse l- und Klasse II- Malokklusion gibt und ob Abhängigkeiten zum Ausgangsbefund objektivierbar sind. Nach der kieferorthopädischen Behandlung wurden die 100 Probanden in drei Gruppen geteilt: erste Gruppe - 22 Probanden zeigten zu Beginn und am Ende der kieferorthopädischen Therapie eine neutrale Kieferbasenrelation; zweite Gruppe - 52 Probanden zeigten zu Beginn eine distale und am Ende eine neutrale Kieferbasenrelation; dritte Gruppe - 26 Probanden zeigten zu Beginn und am Ende eine distale Kieferbasenrelation. Es konnten in allen drei Gruppen Zeichen und Symptome von CMD festgestellt werden. Die geringen Unterschiede zwischen den Gruppen waren nur selten signifikant. Die zweite Gruppe zeigte häufiger muskuläre Symptome und kraniomandibuläre Dysfunktionen. Aber wir dürfen nicht vergessen, dass das kraniomandibuläre System in dieser Gruppe durch die funktionelle Therapie eine längere Adaptationszeit benötigt. Aus der Literaturrecherche war ersichtlich; dass Dysfunktionen in der untersuchten Altersgruppe häufiger auftreten und im zunehmendem Alter wieder abnehmen, Demzufolge ist zu vermuten, dass die CMD in der durchgeführten Untersuchung nur temporär zunehmen. Mädchen zeigten häufiger Zeichen und Symptomen von CMD als Jungen. Aufgrund der ähnlichen Altersstruktur konnte ein Zusammenhang zum Alter zu Beginn der Therapie und CMD nicht ermittelt werden. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Zusammenfassung in Englisch (Abstract) The aim of this investigation was to study signs and symptoms of craniomandibular disorders (CMD) in girls and boys from Class I- and Class II- malocclusions after orthodontic treatment. 100 patients were divided into three groups after treatment: first group - 22 subjects before and after treatment with normal occlusion, second - 52 subjects with Class II- malocclusion before and normal occlusion after treatment, third - 26 subjects with Class II before and after treatment. In all three groups were found signs and symptoms of CMD. The incidence of signs and symptoms of CMD were only small differences between the three groups and there were rarely significantly different. The second group showed a major increase of muscular symptoms and temporomandibular disorders. However we may not forget that the craniomandibular system needs a longer adaptation time after functional therapy. From the literature search it was evident that in this examined age group dysfunctions arise more frequently and with increasing age disappear. Therefore it is to be assumed that CMD in this investigation increases only temporarly. The prevalence of signs and symptoms of CMD was higher in girls than in boys. In conclusion, a connection between signs and symptoms of CMD and orthodontic treatment could not be proven clearly. We found more patients without CMD than with CMD after treatment. Due to the similar age structure a connection between the age could not be determined at the beginning of treatment and CMD after treatment.The aim of this investigation was to study signs and symptoms of craniomandibular disorders (CMD) in girls and boys from Class I- and Calss II-malocclusions after orthodontic treatment. 100 patients were divided into three groups after treatment : first group - 22 subjects before and after treatment with normal occlusion, second - 52 subjects with Class II-malocclusion before and normal occlusion after treatment, third - 26 subjects with Class II before and after treatment. In all three groups were found signs and symptoms of CMD. The incidence of signs and symptoms of CMD were only small differences between the three groups and there were rarely significantly different. The second group showed a major increase of muscular symptoms and temporomandibular disorders. However we may not forget that the craniomandibular system needs a longer adaptation time after functional therapy. From the literature search it was evident that in this examined age group dysfunctions arise more frequently and with increasing age disappear. Therefore it is to be assumed that CMD in this investigation increases only temporarly. The prevalence of signs and symptoms of CMD was higher in girls than in boys. In conclusion, a connection between signs and symptoms of CMD and orthodontic treatment could not be proven clearly. We found more patients without CMD than with CMD after treatment. Due to the similar age structure a connection between the age could not be determined at the beginning of treatment and CMD after treatment