Smart Interdependent Critical Infrastructures Resilience Enhancement

Smart critical infrastructures are independent in each other in many styles. This dependency increases the level of vulnerabilities between them in various ways. In this work, we provide several models that help in enhancing the resilience of each infrastructure by understanding their natures and identify the most critical zones to be improved. We discussed the disaster recovery communication network, which is an essential strategy applied to ensure service continuity for any system by deploying microgrid. Microgrids offer the potential to provide post-disaster reliable electricity to key critical infrastructure components in smart cities, thereby improving resilience. Planning the best location and configuration of microgrids to sustain post-disaster critical infrastructure operations in smart cities is an emerging concern for policymakers and electrical grid operators. We bring a unique approach to the microgrid location problem, considering multiple critical infrastructures at once and focus on factors such as the node importance within critical infrastructure, the geospatial placement of infrastructures, power requirements, and microgrid cost. Specifically, we formulate optimization problems to determine the geographic location of a microgrid that optimizes a weighted combination of the relative importance of nodes across all critical infrastructures and the cost. Further, we introduce a simple heuristic method for positioning microgrids and compare it with the optimization problem. There is also a need for a holistic analysis of critical infrastructures incorporating power and communications to overcome new vulnerabilities associated with the interdependencies among infrastructures. A framework has been developed for identifying the most critical geographical zones within a city from a critical infrastructure viewpoint. The framework combines multiple metrics, including societal, geographic, and network science-based, as well as including power requirements. Furthermore, it enables the analyst to study both critical networked infrastructure and standalone critical infrastructure. A case study of four critical infrastructures in the city of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, is given illustrating the approach