Concentrações e composições químicas do meio nutritivo para o cultivo in vitro de orquídea

Plântulas de orquídeas cultivadas in vitro respondem de forma distinta aos vários meios de cultura empregados nessa técnica. Este trabalho comparou o meio nutritivo Knudson C, utilizado no cultivo de orquídeas, com o denominado MN e outros dois meios preparados com fertilizantes Peters®: NPK 10-30-20 + micronutrientes e NPK 30-10-10 + micronutrientes para o cultivo in vitro de plântulas do híbrido Etibaia (Cattleya walkeriana x C. loddigesii), com seis meses de idade, germinadas sobre o meio Knudson C. Os três últimos meios foram testados com as seguintes doses de sais: 0,25; 0,50; 1,00; 1,75; e 2,25 g L^-1, e o meio Knudson C, 2,0 g L^-1. A todos os meios adicionaram-se 20 g L^-1 de sacarose, solidificado com 10 g L^-1 de ágar, e o pH foi ajustado a 5,7. Aos meios MN e Peters® foram acrescentados 2 g L^-1 de carvão ativado e 200 ml L^-1 de água de coco. Foram utilizados frascos de vidro de 320 mL contendo 35 mL de meio nutritivo, e o experimento foi mantido em sala de crescimento a 27 ± 2 ºC, 16/8 h luz/escuro e irrdiância de 48 µmol m^-2 s^-1. Melhores respostas para produção de matéria fresca foram obtidas com os fertilizantes NPK, em comparação com os meios Knudson C e MN. A produção de matéria fresca aumentou linearmente com o aumento da dose de nutrientes nos meios MN e nos dois NPK. As plântulas de orquídea cultivadas em meio Knudson C apresentaram os menores valores para as variáveis avaliadas.Orchid seedlings grown in vitro respond differently to the different culture media used for this technique. This study compares the traditional Knudson (KC) medium used in orchid in vitro cultivation with a new medium formulation based on the KC medium with modifications, which was named Novais medium (NM), and two other media prepared with NPK fertilizer in the formulations 10-30-20 + micronutrients and 30-10-10 + micronutrients. The media were tested for the in vitro growth of six-month-old orchid seedlings derived from the cross Cattleya walkeriana x Cattleya loddigesii 'Etibaia' and germinated in Knudson C medium. The KC medium was tested in the concentration of 2.0 g L^-1, and the other three media were tested in the concentrations of 0.25; 0.50; 1.00; 1.75; and 2.25 g L^-1. All the media were added with 20 g L1 of sucrose, solidified with 10 g L^-1 agar and pH adjusted to 5.7. NM and Peters® media were added with 2 g L^-1 of activated charcoal and 200 ml L^-1 of coconut water. The seedlings were cultured in 320 mL glass jars containing 35 mL of medium. The experiment was maintained in a growth room at 27±2 ºC, 16/8 h photoperiod with 48 ì mol m^-2 s^-1 irradiance. The best responses for production of fresh matter were obtained using NPK fertilizers, in comparison with KC and NM medium. The fresh matter production increased linearly with increasing nutrients doses in both MN and KC media. The orchid seedlings grown in Knudson medium had the lowest means for the variables evaluated