Ionospheric vertical radio soundings

The presentation deals with one of the most popular technique to investigate the terrestrial ionosphere: the vertical radio sounding. The basic elements of the radar theory are explained starting from the envelope radar up to the most sophisticated techniques of the coded radars. Antennas design elements and problems are highlighted along with the most common solutions. Then the principles of the ionospheric measurements are reported from the ionogram to the ionospheric parameters and to the density profile. A real example of a geomagnetic storm is also presented.Published"Campus Reiss Romoli" COPPITO L’AQUILA (ITALY)1.7. Osservazioni di alta e media atmosfera3.9. Fisica della magnetosfera, ionosfera e meteorologia spazialeope