Does phenotypic plasticity initiate developmental bias?

Acknowledgements We thank attendees and organizers of the “developing a theory of developmental bias” workshop for stimulating discussion on the topics in this manuscript. We are grateful to Matt Wund and an anonymous reviewer who provided thoughtful and constructive comments that helped to improve the manuscript. We also thank Calum Campbell,Joey Humble, and Iain Hill for photographing sticklebacks that were used to generate Figure 2. This paper was partially supported by NERC grant NE/N016734/1 and by an EPSRC studentship grant EP/M508056/1.Peer reviewedPublisher PD