System Accreditation of Higher Education in Germany:Origin,Development,and Achievement

体系认证自2008年被引入德国高等教育认证制度以来,经过多年的发展,已经成为德国高等教育质量保障、促进高校自律的重要机制。目前,德国高等教育体系认证形成了较为完备的认证程序和认证标准。未来,德国高等教育将全面推进体系认证。在实践中不断探索和发展起来的体系认证,将高校自治作为认证的根本追求、将"高校内部教学质量保障体系"作为认证的核心内容、采用三角印证的认证程序保证认证结果的有效性、认证标准强调建立具有健全组织和制度的教学质量保障体系、认证程序和认证标准都体现出与学校类型相适应的特征,对德国高等教育质量保障和质量提升产生了较为广泛的影响。System accreditation,which played an essential role in self-governance ofGerman higher education institutions,has become an important part in quality assurancesystem of higher education in Germany since 2008. Nowadays,system accreditation in Ger-man higher education has its own accreditation procedures and standards. And it will be uti-lized across the whole higher education system in Germany in future. Results show that: thebasic idea of system accreditation is self- governance of higher education institutions(HEIs),which focuses on the internal quality assurance system of teaching and learning ofHEIs;triangulation is used in system accreditation procedures to make the results more ef-fective;organization and institution of internal quality assurance system of teaching andlearning of HEIs are the key of system accreditation standards;both the procedures andstandards are required to match with HEIs' characteristic.2014年教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目“高等学校分类体系及其设置标准研究”(课题编号:14JZD046);; “厦门大学研究生国(境)外交流访学项目”资