Add to ORKG闭合论是怀疑主义的重要论证方式。人们通常认为 ,闭合论是重言式。德雷兹克以排除所有相关选择项作为知识定义的必要条件 ,主张怀疑主义假设不是相关选择项 ,闭合论必须限制在相关选择的语境范围内。诺齐克的知识条件论主张 ,知识就是追踪真理的信念 ,知识的本性是非闭合的。闭合论会导出绝对无谬论 ,绝对无谬论是错误的。当代西方知识论对闭合论是重言式的批判 ,也是对怀疑主义的批判Closure theory is an important argument form of skepticism. People usually think that closure theory is tautology. Fred Dretske claims that eliminating all of relevant alternatives is the necessary condition for the definition of knowledge, and that skeptical suppositions are not relevant alternatives, so the closure theory must be restricted in the contextual area of relevant alternatives. According to Robert Nozick's conditional theory of knowledge, the nature of knowledge is not in a closed form. Closure theory will result in infallibilism, which proves to...