Partitioning net ecosystem carbon exchange into net assimilation and respiration with canopy-scale isotopic measurements: An error propagation analysis with $^{13}$CO$_2$ and CO$^{18}$O data

International audienceStable CO2 isotope measurements are increasingly used to partition the net CO2 exchange between terrestrial ecosystems and the atmosphere in terms of nonfoliar respiration (F-R) and net photosynthesis (F-A) in order to better understand the variations of this exchange. However, the accuracy of the partitioning strongly depends on the isotopic disequilibrium between these two gross fluxes, and a rigorous estimation of the errors on F-A and F-R is needed. In this study, we account for and propagate uncertainties on all terms in the mass balance and isotopic mass balance equations for CO2 in order to get accurate estimates of the errors on F-A and F-R. We apply our method to a maritime pine forest in the southwest of France. Nighttime Keeling plots are used to estimate the C-13 and O-18 isotopic signature of F-R (delta(R)), and for both isotopes the a priori uncertainty associated with this term is estimated to be around 2% at our site. Using delta(13) C-CO2 and [CO2] measurements, we then show that the uncertainty on instantaneous values of F-A and F-R can be as large as 4 mumol m(-2) s(-1). Even if we could get more accurate estimates of the net CO2 flux, the isoflux, and the isotopic signatures of F-A and F-R, this uncertainty would not be significantly reduced because the isotopic disequilibrium between F-A and F-R is too small, around 2-3%. With delta(18)O-CO2 and [CO2] measurements the uncertainty associated with the gross fluxes lies also around 4 mumol m(-2) s(-1) but could be dramatically reduced if we were able to get more accurate estimates of the (COO)-O-18 isoflux and the associated discrimination during photosynthesis. This is because the isotopic disequilibrium between F-A and F-R is large, of the order of 12-17%. The isotopic disequilibrium between F-A and F-R and the uncertainty on delta(R) vary among ecosystems and over the year. Our approach should help to choose the best strategy to study the carbon budget of a given ecosystem using stable isotopes