National audienceWe consider a general equilibrium climate change model with two endogenous R&D sectors. First, we characterize the set of decentralized equilibria: to each vector of public tools - a carbon tax and a subsidy to each R&D sector - is associated a particular equilibrium. Second, we compute the optimal tools. Third, we perform various second-best analysis by imposing some constraints on one or several policy. The main results of the paper are the following: i) both a carbon tax and a green research subsidy contribute to the climate change mitigation; ii) R&D subsidies have a large impact on the consumption, and then on the social welfare, as compared with the carbon tax used alone; iii) those subsidies allow to spare the earlie...