Glycosylphosphatidylinositols of <em>Toxoplasma gondii</em> induce matrix metalloproteinase-9 production and degradation of galectin-3

International audienceToxoplasma gondii glycosylphosphatidylinositols (GPIs) bind to galectin-3 to induce TNF-α production in macrophages via Toll-like receptors 2 and 4. Here we show that T. gondii GPIs stimulate human macrophages to synthesize matrix metalloproteinase-9 in a TNF-α-dependent pathway and degrade extracellular galectin-3