A paleogenomic reconstruction of the deep population history of the andes
- Nakatsuka, Nathan
- Lazaridis, Iosif
- Barbieri, Chiara
- Skoglund, Pontus
- Rohland, Nadin
- Mallick, Swapan
- Posth, Cosimo
- Harkins-Kinkaid, Kelly
- Ferry, Matthew
- Harney, Éadaoin
- Michel, Megan
- Stewardson, Kristin
- Novak-Forst, Jannine
- Capriles, José M.
- Durruty, Marta Alfonso
- Álvarez, Karina Aranda
- Beresford-Jones, David
- Burger, Richard
- Cadwallader, Lauren
- Fujita, Ricardo
- Isla, Johny
- Lau, George
- Aguirre, Carlos Lémuz
- LeBlanc, Steven
- Maldonado, Sergio Calla
- Meddens, Frank
- Messineo, Pablo G.
- Culleton, Brendan J.
- Harper, Thomas K.
- Quilter, Jeffrey
- Politis, Gustavo
- Rademaker, Kurt
- Reindel, Markus
- Rivera, Mario
- Salazar, Lucy
- Sandoval, José R.
- Santoro, Calogero M.
- Scheifler, Nahuel
- Standen, Vivien
- Barreto, Maria Ines
- Tomasto-Cagigao, Elsa
- Valverde, Guido
- Kennett, Douglas J.
- Cooper, Alan
- Krause, Johannes
- Haak, Wolfgang
- Llamas, Bastien
- Reich, David
- Fehren-Schmitz, Lars
DOIAbstract
There are many unanswered questions about the population history of the Central and South Central Andes, particularly regarding the impact of large-scale societies, such as the Moche, Wari, Tiwanaku, and Inca. We assembled genome-wide data on 89 individuals dating from ~9000-500 years ago (BP), with a particular focus on the period of the rise and fall of state societies. Today’s genetic structure began to develop by 5800 BP, followed by bi-directional gene flow between the North and South Highlands, and between the Highlands and Coast. We detect minimal admixture among neighboring groups between ~2000-500 BP, although we do detect cosmopolitanism (people of diverse ancestries living side-by-side) in the heartlands of the Tiwanaku and Inca ...
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