Metal and metalloid determination in bioethanol through inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy

A new method to carry out the elemental determination of metals in bioethanol through ICP-OES has been developed. The procedure is based on the use of a heated torch integrated sample introduction system (hTISIS) to directly introduce the vaporized sample into the plasma. Two injection modes (continuous liquid aspiration and air-segmented flow injection analysis) have been evaluated. In a first step, the matrix effects caused by several ethanol–water mixtures were removed by operating the hTISIS at 400 °C in segmented injection. Meanwhile, the results also proved that the system could be operated in continuous mode at 200 °C with the complete interference removal. Finally, twenty-eight real samples with bioethanol contents between 55% and 100% were analyzed with the methods previously developed. Regarding validation, recoveries from 80% to 120% were obtained for 18 analytes and the concentrations found with the proposed method were in agreement with those encountered with a preconcentration method, taken as a reference procedure. Limits of detection went from 3 ng mL− 1 for manganese to about 500 ng mL− 1 for calcium. This allowed to quantify Cr, Fe, Mg, Mn and Zn in segmented flow injection and Al, Cd, Cr, Cu, K, Mg, Mn, Na and Zn in continuous sample aspiration mode in bioethanol samples.The authors wish to acknowledge the IFPEN for the financial support and samples provided and the UNGDA for the samples provided to carry out this work. C. Sánchez would like to thank the Ministry of Education, Culture and Sports, Spain for the grant FPU 13/01438