Qing dai Wenchang di jun xin yang de wen xian shi

Ph.D.Wendi quanshu (The Complete Works of the Divine Lord of Wenchang) was the Wenchang cult’s most influential compilationduring the Qing Dynasty. The first edition was completed in the early Qianlong reign,being reedited and republished for more than a dozen times in different provinces throughout the Qing dynasty, followed by other anthologies or compilations of Wenchang texts, such as the Wendi shuchao (Anthology of Divine Lord of Wenchang), the Wenchangshengdian (Sacred Scripture of Wenchang), and the Wenchangdijunquanshu (The Complete Works of the Divine Lord of Wenchang), all derived from the Wendi quanshu. In printing the Wendi Quanshu, the publishers of that compilationattempted to reinterpret the Wenchang cult as "Orthodox Confucianism".The acts of reediting and reprinting also revealed the distinct understanding of Confucianism and belief in Wenchang on the part of different communities. The editing and publication of the Wendi Quanshu was an ambitious attempt of Confucian literati in the Qing dynasty to reinterpret, reshape, and expand the horizon of Confucian teachings. It also expressed their expectation with regard to becoming transcendents through their own Wenchang-related practices.This thesis firstly investigates the publication history of more than a dozen editions of Wendi quanshuand its variations, which were found and collected from different public libraries and universities in the world. The rediscovered history of textual transmission will compensate for the lack of modern bibliographic studies of Qing Wenchang cult.Secondly, this thesis investigates the individual texts included in Wendi quanshu. On the one hand, the source criticism on the Wenchang texts produced in the Ming and Qing dynasties offered in this thesis will reconstruct the context of their formation and circulation. It will demonstrate that in late Ming and early Qing the belief in Wenchang started to merge with the royal moral books and the practices related to the Xiao jing(Scripture of Filial Piety). On the other hand, the textual study offered here also reveals the changing process and different dimensions of Confucian teachings connected to the belief in Wenchang.In addition to bibliographic and textual studies, this thesis also includes two case studies on the spirit-writing groups related to the Wendi quanshu. The first is LiuQiao and his community in Guizhouprovince, responsible for editing the original edition of Wendi quanshu. The second relates to the far-famed high-ranking literati Peng Dingqiu and his spirit-writing altar "Jade Bureau" located in Suzhou area. The case studies describe how these two communities attempted to merge Confucius teachings and the belief in Wenchang, as well as their own understanding of the two traditions.This thesis comprises two main parts: the first is the philological history of the Wendi quanshu, while the second is the religious history related to it. I argue that the Confucian literati attempted to reshape the belief in Wenchang in relation to their Confucian tradition by means of the production and publication of Wenchang texts. The attempt at interpreting the Wendi quanshu as "Orthodox Confucianism" reflects a special dynamic. On the one hand, these Confucian literati who believed in Wenchang tried to expand the horizon of Wenchang cult in relation to Confucius teachings; on the other hand,they attempted to reconstruct Confucian teachingsthrough Wenchangspirit-writing practices. This dynamic differs from the Classicist tradition of Confucianism, but its study will contribute significantly to a better understanding of the spectrum of religious practices in late imperial China.《文帝全書》是清代影響最大的文昌帝君信仰相關叢書。它成書於乾隆初，在有清一代重編、重刊了不下十次，地點遍佈多個行省，並且衍生出了諸如《文帝書鈔》、《文昌聖典》和《文昌帝君全書》等一系列文昌文本的合輯。此外，通過初本《文帝全書》的出版，其編纂團體還試圖將文帝信仰建構成為「儒教正宗」；之後的多次重刊，也都表達出不同團體對文帝信仰和儒教的不同理解。《文帝全書》的編輯和出版，代表了清代儒生士人通過文帝信仰重新詮釋、改造並且擴充儒教觀念的一種全新嘗試，同時反映了他們希望儒生通過實踐文帝信仰同樣也可以超凡入聖的這一期許。本文首先從出版史研究的角度，考察了作者從世界各地的公共圖書館及大學中所收集到的不同版本《文帝全書》及其衍生的文本，並且整理出《文帝全書》的版本流傳過程，相當程度上彌補了清代文帝信仰文獻學研究的空白。在此基礎上，本文進一步對《文帝全書》所收錄的文本進行考察，一方面對明清成書的文昌文本進行來源批判，還原其成書和流傳的處境，即明清之際文帝信仰開始與國家的勸善書傳統以及儒生的《孝經》實踐等等相融合；另一方面也揭示出《文帝全書》成書前後，文帝信仰中儒教內涵的變遷和不同面相。除了文獻學和文本研究以外，本文也對《文帝全書》相關的扶乩團體進行了個案研究，分別是編纂了初本《文帝全書》的貴州地區文昌扶乩團體劉樵等人和蘇州地區功名顯赫的彭定求及其乩壇「玉局」。由此探討了不同乩壇和背景的儒生士人，對於融合文帝信仰與儒教傳統的不同嘗試以及對此的不同理解。文章的兩條主線分別是《文帝全書》的文獻史及其背後的宗教史，即儒生士人通過文本生產和出版來重構文帝信仰和儒教傳統的這一嘗試。《文帝全書》意圖構建「儒教正宗」的特殊歷史現象，反映了清代信奉文昌帝君的儒生士人一方面試圖通過儒教觀念來擴充文帝信仰的內涵，另一方面也試圖通過文帝信仰相關的扶乩活動和實踐來重塑他們心目中的儒教。這一動態過程有別於經學傳統中的儒教，但同樣是構成帝制晚期中國宗教光譜的重要一環。胡劼辰.Parallel title from added title page.Thesis Ph.D. Chinese University of Hong Kong 2017.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 278-304).Abstracts in English and Chinese.Title from PDF title page (viewed on July 16, 2020).Hu Jiechen