Electronic structure, magnetic properties, and exchange splitting of gadolinium intermetallics

We report here the electronic structure calculations of the magnetic moment, magneto-crystalline anisotropy energy (MAE), and density of states (DOS) of Gd-metal, GdAl2, GdAl3, GdCo2, GdCo3, and GdCo5. From the DOS, the exchange splitting energy is derived to map ferrimagnetic to paramagnetic phase transition (Curie temperature, TC). The employed theoretical method here is based on advanced density functional theory, specifically the linearized augmented plane wave method (LAPW) within the local spin density approximation (LSDA), including spin–orbit coupling (SOC) and Hubbard model parameter (U). DOS analysis of both Gd-Al and Gd-Co systems reveals a strong correlation between exchange splitting energy and TC. The Gd-Co system exhibits an enormous exchange splitting energy among Co-3d electrons, vastly overwhelming the vanishing Gd 5d exchange splitting. These findings suggest that exchange splitting of Co-3d electrons plays a key role in the ground state magnetism and magnetic transition temperatures in these materials