Diverse Applications of Nanomedicine

The design and use of materials in the nanoscale size range for addressing medical and health-related issues continues to receive increasing interest. Research in nanomedicine spans a multitude of areas, including drug delivery, vaccine development, antibacterial, diagnosis and imaging tools, wearable devices, implants, high-throughput screening platforms, etc. using biological, nonbiological, biomimetic, or hybrid materials. Many of these developments are starting to be translated into viable clinical products. Here, we provide an overview of recent developments in nanomedicine and highlight the current challenges and upcoming opportunities for the field and translation to the clinic.This work was supported by the Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst (DAAD to Philipps Universität Marburg and Zhejiang University, Hangzhou), the Chinesisch Deutsches Zentrum für Wissenschaftsförderung (“CDZ” to Z.G. and W.J.P.), and the Chinese Academy of Science (CAS). Part of this work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation (51390481, 81227902, 81625011), National Basic Research Program (2014CB931900) of China (to Y.S.), by the European Commission grant Futurenanoneeds (to V.P. and W.J.P.), by the Spanish Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad (CTQ2011-23167 and CTQ2014-59808R to R.A.A.P.), the Generalitat of Catalunya (2014-SGR-612 to R.A.A.P.), the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) (AL552/8-1 to R.T.), the Swiss National Science Foundation (NRP62 to P.H.), the Claude & Julianna Foundation (grant to P.H.), the National Science Foundation (NSF) grants CHE-1306928 (to R.P.) and ECS-0601345; CBET 0933384; CBET 0932823; and CBET 1036672 (to N.A.K.), Canadian Institute of Health Research (grant to W.C.W.C.), and Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (grant to W.C.W.C.). S.A. and B.P. acknowledge a fellowship from the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation. N.F. acknowledges the Lars Hiertas Minne Foundation. M.C. acknowledges Ikerbasque for a Research Fellow position. X.C. acknowledges the Intramural Research Program (IRP), National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (NIH). B.Z.T. acknowledges the Innovation and Technology Commission of Hong Kong (ITC-CNERC14SC01). The Pancreatic Cancer research of A.E.N. and H.M. was funded by the U.S. National Cancer Institute, NIH grant # U01CA198846. A.E. acknowledges Junta de Andalucía (Spain) for a Talentia Postdoc Fellowship, co-financed by the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme, grant agreement no 267226. A.G.S. acknowledges support by BOF (UGent) and FWO (Research Foundation Flanders). Part of this work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China