Effect of viewing distance on object responses in macaque areas 45B, F5a and F5p

To perform real-world tasks like grasping, the primate brain has to process visual object information so that the grip aperture can be adjusted before contact with the object is made. Previous studies have demonstrated that the posterior subsector of the Anterior Intraparietal area (pAIP) is connected to frontal area 45B, and the anterior subsector of AIP (aAIP) to F5a (Premereur et al., 2015). However, the role of area 45B and F5a in visually-guided object grasping is poorly understood. Here, we investigated the role of area 45B, F5a and F5p in visually-guided grasping. If a neuronal response to an object during passive fixation represents the activation of a motor command related to the preshaping of the hand, such neurons should prefer objects presented within reachable distance. Conversely, neurons encoding a pure visual representation of an object should be less affected by viewing distance. Contrary to our expectations, we found that the majority of neurons in area 45B were object- and viewing distance selective, with a clear preference for the near viewing distance. Area F5a showed much weaker object selectivity compared to 45B, with a similar preference for objects presented at the Near position emerging mainly in the late epoch. Finally, F5p neurons were less object selective and frequently preferred objects presented at the Far position. Therefore, contrary to our expectations, neurons in area 45B - but not F5p neurons - prefer objects presented in peripersonal space