Системная трактовка культуры и личности в контексте рациогуманизма

The author identifies some principles of ratio-humanism, as of a world-view orientation, and their applications to the methodology of science. One of these applications involves the use of systemic presentations as of mediators of interaction between scientistic and humanitarian paradigms in human sciences. In this context, the author outlines the main ideas of such a systemic conception of culture and personality, which is based on the concept of "modus of culture". According to that conception, each modus of culture is a material or ideal system, which carries information about other modi of culture – those which precede in time the given modus (in such a way the preserving function of culture is realized), and those that appear after it (the innovating function of culture is thus performed). The following types of modi of human culture are distinguished: (a) an universal modus attributed to the whole mankind; (b) special modi (attributed to ethnic, professional and other components of society); (c) individual (personal) modi. The concept of "active mode of culture" ("agent of culture") is introduced also; agents of culture have the possibilities to use and change modi of culture. There are, in particular, persons, human communities, and organizations among agents of culture. We call ‘subjects of culture’ such agents of culture, which to some extent consciously regulate their functioning in this role. Personality, under the presented conception, is defined as a quality of a human individual (a person) which allows him/her to be a relatively autonomous and individually peculiar subject of culture. Differentindividuals exhibit this quality in varying degrees – as well as one individual at different stages of life. It is appropriate to consider the personality an integrative person’s quality unlike his/her partial qualities. Among the latter group there are, for example, person’s aptitudes – with their interpretation covering not only person’s functional possibilities but also other properties (primarily motivational ones, usually described as attitudes), which are essential for mastering an activity, its performing and improving