Study of Health Management System of Strawberry Production

草莓 (Fragaria ananassa Duch) 產業在台灣令消費者最不安的是藥劑使用安全的疑慮，因此積極開發導入健康管理之整體作業模式，培育健康植株降低病蟲害發生，減少農藥使用頻率是當務之急。本研究針對草莓種苗供應體系、健康的土壤、肥培管理、及病蟲害綜合防治等技術，納入健康管理體系關鍵技術研發，以達到作物健康管理生產體系三減即減肥料、減農藥、減成本，三高即產量高、品質高、收益高，三安即產品安全、消費安心、環境安全之計畫目標。草莓種苗供應體系，以組織培養健康馴化母株走莖繁殖之2吋容器苗，生長最快速且根莖較寬，最符合定植苗標準，可減少育苗期間管理成本，提高生產效率。栽培方法與肥料用量試驗，分採傳統畦溝及高架介質兩種栽培方法，每種栽培方法下，以合理化施肥及農民慣行法為對照組進行肥料效益比較。初步結果得傳統畦溝及高架介質之合理化施肥比對照組，每施用1公斤肥料可分別增加30元及247元之收益。在草莓田輪作制度上，水田處理平均走蔓帶病率為20.4%，旱田處理為40.2%，表示草莓田休作期間 (5~9月間) 利用水田裡作，將可減少正期耕作病蟲害。病蟲害綜合防治技術，篩選本土性木黴菌菌株ML031，菌株濃度僅105 spore/ml 即可達到抑制炭疽病效果，罹病度為5.56%，相較於對照組罹病度14.24%，減少罹病程度。蟲害天敵生物防治之應用，草莓採果期的主要蟲害為二點葉蟎，與慣行區噴藥12～16次比較，用藥次數有明顯下降。 The most disturbed problem of strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) industry in Taiwan is the excessive uses of the pesticides. In order to reduce the occurrence of diseases and insect pests, we developed health management operations which were conducted with seedlings bred system, health of soil and fertilizer application, and the pest integrated technology in this study. Crop health management production system would be concerned the amounts of fertilizer, pesticide, and cost and increase fruit quality, products security, and environment security. That using tissue culture to propagate healthy seedlings and breeding them in 2 inches pot grew most quickly with more roots in seedling bred system of strawberry. Healthy seedlings reduced costs at seedling stage and increase productivity at fruit stage. The benefit of fertilizer application was compared between reasonable practice and conventional application under traditional field drain method and elevated bench method that was increased 30 NT/kg and 147 NT/kg, respectively. Effect of crop rotation system in strawberry field on disease infection of runner in the next production was evaluated. The disease infection rate of runners was 20.4% and 40.2% of paddy and upland crop, respectively. It indicated that paddy crop alternatively planted with strawberry was decreased the occurrence of diseases in the field. For integrated pest management techniques, selection of native strains of Trichoderma ML031, only 105 spore/ml concentration, can inhibit the occurrence of anthracnose diseases, disease severity is 5.56% of treated by ML031 compared to that of control, 14.24%. Application of natural enemies to control for the two-spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae) can reduce 12~16 times of spraying compared with conventional cultivation