Benefit Analysis and Farm Management Strategy for the Vegetable Production under Structure

目前台灣蔬菜設施栽培大體可分成簡易設施栽培與無土養液栽培兩大類。簡易設施栽培由於政府大力輔導與農友密切配合，至民國83年一期作面積已達588公頃，北部地區以塑膠布網溫室栽培較多，中、南部地區則以網室栽培較多。產品銷售方式，北部地區以共同運銷、售予販運商、直銷超市與自己零售為主，中部地區以透過台糖銷售與售予販運商為兩大主流，南部地區主要為共同運銷、售予販運商與直銷超市。台中地區簡易設施栽培之淨收益較露天栽培為高，年經濟效益以混合式設施栽培（網室與塑膠布網溫室混合）與網室栽培為最高“簡易設施栽培具產業已有相當基礎、可提高產品品質並調節產期、收益高、資金週轉快、市場具發展潛力、主要產區已有產銷班組織以及入關後直接衝擊較小等優勢；無土養液栽培政府並無政策輔導，目前栽培面積約計30公頃，除1.35公頃為岩棉栽培番茄外，其餘均為水耕葉菜“岩棉栽培番茄是以觀光果園方式經營，水耕葉菜以直銷超市最多。淨收益以小型設施為最高，且隨規模擴大而遞增。無土養液栽培具無連作障礙問題、受天候影響小、產量較平穩、可穩定夏季生產、調節供需、產品較耐貯存、損耗較小以及清潔衛生等優勢。顯見，設施蔬菜未來具發展潛力，唯經營仍需朝如下幾點調適：(一)垂直整合(二)橫向整合(三)適地適作(四)積極申請吉園圃標誌，並建立產品品牌(五)朝有機農業經營(六)水耕葉菜應朝小型設施栽培，且單位設施經營規模以0.3公頃左右為宜。 Plastic culture with simple facility( SFC ), and with hydroponic facility( HFC ) are two kinds of protected cultivation methods applied in the vegetable production in Taiwan. Due to the assistance of the government extension project, the technology of SFC is released and scattered islandwilde up to 588 hectares in 1994. The major greenhouse structurse of SFC in northern Taiwan is the tunnel type with the plastic film for rainfallroof and surrounded with the plastic net for insectproof, and that in central a nd southern Taiwan is the shelter type with plastic net for rainfallproof. The farm marketing processes of the SFC product in the northern and southern Taiwan are through the joint-marketing, sold to the dealer, sold to the supermarket or sold to the local market, and that of the central Taiwan are only through Taiwan Sugarcane company cooperative marketing system or sold to the supermarket. he net profit of the vegetable culture by SFC is better than that from open field in Taichung Area. The SFC by nethouse and plastic film & nethouse culture obtained the best annual profit. The advantage of SFC is due to its higher quality and marketing potential in product, better income, and quick turn-over rate in investment so as to reduce the impact of GATT. The HFC industry is starting with 30 hectares of hydroponic farms scattered in the western Taiwan in the past five years. The major crop grown by HFC is leafy vegetables and only 1.35 ha tomato grown in rockwool system. The major marketing process of the HFC product is directly sent to supermarket. The three tomato rockwool farms sold their product by picking & paying type of leisure farming. The better net profit was obtained from DRF hydroponic system grown in semi-dwarf tunnel house. The profit is increased with the enlargement of the farm acreage up to 4000 square meter. The advantage of HFC is due to its no soil damage in continous cropping, slight influences by climatic factors, year-round higher productivity,and longer storage period, low packing loss and cleanness. The strategies for the farm management of SFC and HFC industry could be focused on the followings: (1)To reorganize cooperatives both in SFC and HFC farm with agribusiness. (2)To concern with emvironmental and climatic constrants as to set up specialized production area for SFC and HFC industry. (3)To Assist SFC and HFC farms apply ¡§Pesticide Free Label¡¨ from the government and created its own brand. (4)To educate SFC farms by using organic farming. (5)To run HFC farming combined with DRF hydroponics and semi- dwarf tunnel house