Banking sector supervision and regulation

Namen prispevka: Finančna kriza je razkrila številna odklonska ravnanja udeležencev globalnih finančnih trgov ter odprla množico kompleksnih pravnih in dejanskih vprašanj glede regulacije in nadzora finančnih trgov kot tudi uspešnosti kazenskega pregona odgovornih. V prispevku avtorica obravnava pozitivnopravno ureditev delovanja centralne državne bančne nadzorne oziroma regulatorne institucije. Predstavljene so naloge, pristojnosti in ukrepi Banke Slovenije, predvsem z vidika možnosti preprečevanja in odkrivanja finančne kriminalitete. Metode: Prispevek je teoretične narave, na podlagi deskriptivne analize de lege lata področja delovanja bančnega nadzornika in regulatorja, ki vključuje več pravnih področij, od državnopravne oziroma upravne ureditve, civilnega in gospodarskega prava do uporabnosti na kazenskopravnem področju. Ugotovitve: Nadzor in regulacija bančnega sektorja v Republiki Sloveniji temeljita na pravilih evropske zakonodaje in dobre prakse, ki jo oblikujejo mednarodne finančne institucije. Razloge za pomanjkljivosti oziroma šibkosti, katerih rezultat so bila odklonska ravnanja akterjev na finančnih trgih, ne gre iskati v normativni ureditvi de lege lata. Dosledna implementacija že uveljavljenih norm predstavlja preventivo v boju proti finančni kriminaliteti. Izvirnost/pomembnost prispevka: Problematika delovanja našega bančnega regulatorja in nadzornika, v povezavi z razlogi za izbruh finančne krize, je bila predvsem predmet razprav ekonomistov. Zaradi potrebe po morebitnih premišljenih reformah, predvsem v smislu preventivne vloge na področju finančne kriminalitete, pa je nujno, da se delovanje in ukrepanje državnega regulatorja celovito obravnava tudi s pravnega in kriminalnopolitičnega vidika.Purpose: The financial crisis revealed numerous deviant activities of participants in global financial markets, as well as raised a number of complex legal and actual questions regarding the regulation and supervision of said markets and the efficiency of criminal prosecution of those responsible. The paper deals with how the positive law regulates the activities of the central institution at state level responsible for banking supervision and regulation. The paper presents the tasks, responsibilities and measures of the Bank of Slovenia, particularly from the point of view of the possibility to prevent and detect financial crime. Design/Methods/Approach: The paper has a theoretical nature and is based on a descriptive de lege lata analysis of the activities of the banking supervisor and regulator, including several legal areas, from state law (or administrative set-up) to civil and commercial law, as well as the application in criminal law. Findings: The banking sector supervision and regulation in the Republic of Slovenia are based on the European legislation and good practice established by international financial institutions. The reasons for the imperfections or weaknesses of supervision resulting in deviant activities of the financial markets actors are not to be found in the legislative framework de lega lata. A consistent implementation of the already established norms represents a preventive factor in the fight against financial crime. Originality/Value: The activities of our banking regulator and supervisor, in connection with the reasons for the onset of the financial crisis, have been discussed mainly by economists. Given the need for well thought-out reforms, mainly in the sense of a preventive role in the area of financial crime, it is mandatory that the activities and measures of the state regulator are dealt with in their entirety also from the legal and crime policy view