The role of executive and general cognitive functioning in the attention problems of very and extremely preterm adults

Objective—To determine whether the attention problems in adults born very preterm/very low birthweight (VP/VLBW; Method— Cohorts of VP/VLBW (the Bavarian longitudinal study (BLS)) and EP (the EPICure Study) participants were followed from birth to early adulthood, each also following a respective control group. Adult ADHD symptoms were assessed via self-report in both cohorts and additionally by parent-report in the BLS. Participants in both cohorts also had their attention span rated by trained observers. Performed separately in each cohort, hierarchical regression analyses were used to assess whether the association between preterm birth status and attention problems remained after accounting for executive functioning (inhibitory control and working memory) in adulthood, childhood IQ or sex.Results— In the discovery cohort of the BLS, significant differences were found between VP/VLBW adults and controls for parent-rated inattention (pp In final models for the BLS, inhibitory control and childhood IQ were significantly associated with parent-rated inattention symptoms (ppConclusions—VP/VLBW and EP adults are at increased risk of observer-rated attention problems. These problems were predominantly associated with poorer general cognitive ability in early childhood and somewhat with adult executive functioning.