Conflicts of coastal management in North Sulawesi

The rapid economic development in North Sulawesi has mainly occurred on the coast, and achieved primarily at the\ud expense of the environment. This research uses qualitative methods of in-depth interview survey with a range of key\ud people involved in coastal management, to make an assessment of causes of conflict and levels of resource\ud degradation. Ambiguity of property nghts has emerged as a major issue because every type of property right has\ud dlfferent rules that affect the coastal management. This ambiguity triggers user and jurisdictional conflicts. These\ud conflicts then cause in-effective management. Consequently, the trend of coastal resources in the Manado Bay is\ud toward increased resource degradation. To reduce resource degradation, it is necessary to reduce levels of user and jurisdictional conflicts