Formation of Nordic Security Policies: The Importance of Values, Identity and History

The Nordic states are considered as a group of homogenous states. They share common values and interests but vary, however, when forming their security policies. In this thesis, I use a qualitative, multiple case study to analyse why the Nordic states have chosen different ways to enhance their security. I examine each state separately and then compare them with one another. The Nordic states have different relationships with the leading security institutions in Europe, i.e. the European Union and North Atlantic Treaty Organization. I explore the relations the states have with these institutions to explain why some states choose membership, while others do not. I apply the theory of constructivism to show that it is not only material structures that impact decisions made and actions taken. Security is not only about the state and how its physical security is protected, but also about safeguarding its economy, politics, culture and environment. Hence, there are several different aspects of security that need to be considered when exploring the states' security policies. Constructivism explains how identity, history and relationships have a significant impact when forming the security policies of the Nordic states