Dari Gotong Royong ke Pengupahan: Studi Perubahan Sosial Budaya Pada Masyarakat Tani di Desa Alosika Kecamatan Abuki Kabupaten Konawe

This research aimed to identify and describe the changes of mutual assistance system to the wage system of farming society in the Alosika village. Data were collected by observation techniques involved participant observation and in-depth interviews. Data were analyzed by descriptive qualitative. Data analysis was intended to simplify the data obtained in order to be read and understood by the younger. The results showed that the change from mutual aid system to the wage system of the farmer society in Alosika village was socio-cultural changes that came from government programs. The entry of the transmigration program in the village had caused the change of local societies chosen from the rice farm fields with a form of agriculture as a group, switch to traditional rice farming. Likewise with the ground, beside as means of production, it was also as assets and investation tools for farmers in the Alosika village. The mindset of rice farmers in the Alosika village that promote effectiveness and efficiency in order to achieve maximization of profit, had led farmers in the village to be more creative in developing their agricultural systems. Farmers then know the wage system which was then applied to the agricultural system as a substitute for mutual assistance system that was considered had harmed the farmers. The need for money had a very large role of agricultural system and socio cultural changing order in the Alosika village among farmers, because farmers had to think about the gains and losses in agricultural fields. Keywords: mutual assistance, wages, farmersPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan mendeskripsikan sistem gotong royong serta perubahan dari sistem gotong royong ke sistem pengupahan pada masyarakat tani di Desa Alosika. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan teknik pengamatan terlibat (participation observation) dan wawancara mendalam (indepth interview). Data yang diperoleh dianalisis secara deskriptif kualitatif. Analisis data dimaksudkan untuk menyederhanakan data yang diperoleh agar lebih muda dibaca dan dipahami. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perubahan sistem gotong royong ke sistem pengupahan masyarakat tani di Desa Alosika merupakan perubahan social budaya yang berawal dari program pemerintah. Masuknya program transmigrasi di desa ini menyebabkan penduduk lokal meninggalkan pertanian padi ladang dengan bentuk pertanian secara berkelompok, beralih ke pertanian padi sawah tradisional. Demikian halnya dengan tanah, selain sebagai sarana produksi, juga sebagai aset, dan sarana investasi bagi petani di Desa Alosika. Pola pikir petani sawah di Desa Alosika yang mengedepankan efektifitas dan efisiensi kerja dalam rangka mendapatkan untung sebesar-besarnya, telah mengantarkan petani di desa itu, untuk lebih kreatif dalam mengembangkan sistem pertaniannya. Petani kemudian mengenal sistem upah kemudian diterapkan ke dalam sistem pertanian sebagai pengganti sistem gotong royong yang dianggap cenderung merugikan petani. Kebutuhan akan uang, memiliki peranan yang sangat besar dalam merubah sistem pertanian dan tatanan social budaya dikalangan petani di Desa Alosika, karena petani jauh sebelumnya telah memikirkan untung dan rugi dalam pertanian sawahnya. Kata kunci: gotong royong, pengupahan, petani&nbsp