Synthesis of Chemical Elements and Solid Structures in Atomic- Nuclear Reactions in Dense Gas-Metal Systems Irradiated by γ Rays

The new effects observed in dense gas-metals systems (example D2-Pd) being irradiated by braking gamma quanta with threshold energy a little bellow 10 MeV, for energy about 25 MeV (giant dipole nuclear resonance—GDNR) and effects of irradiation of pure gazes (D2, He… 10 MeV) is presented in this chapter. The irradiation time in all cases was as large as 105 s under large gamma flux intensity conditions (generated by electron current in used accelerators of about 20 μA). Realization of experiments were as follow: chosen gas in room temperature was compressed to high pressure (1–3 kbar) in beryllium bronze pressure chamber or in stainless steel high pressure capillary with chosen metal samples inside of it or without samples. In all cases new elements were detected in relatively large amounts, some of them are light elements, i.e., C, O and the others are heavy elements, i.e., Pb, Bi. At GDNR with Pd, V and other metals, unexpected phenomena as shape changes, “micro-protuberances,” micro objects of specific element contents, cracks of specimen surfaces were observed too. The identification of the mechanism that induced these effects is a problematic issue, trans-nuclear molecule and multinuclear reaction concepts could be used to explain these induced effects. The justification of carbon generation in the samples is shortly described