Prevalence of asthma and other allergic conditions in Colombia 2009–2010: a cross-sectional study

Rodolfo J. Dennis and Ana M. Barragan are with the Research Department, Fundación Cardioinfantil – Instituto de Cardiología, Bogota, Colombia -- Luis Caraballo, Velky Ahumada, and Silvia Jimenez are with the Institute for Immunological Research, University of Cartagena, Cartagena, Colombia -- Elizabeth Garcia and Augusto Penaranda are wtih the Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, Bogotá, Colombia -- Maria X. Rojas and Martin A. Rondon are with the Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine. Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia -- Anriana Perez is with The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Public Health, Division of Biostatistics and the Michael and Susan Dell Center for Healthy Living -- Gustavo Aristizabal is with the Pediatrics Department, Universidad El Bosque Bogota, ColombiaBackground: While it is suggested that the prevalence of asthma in developed countries may have stabilized, this is not clear in currently developing countries. Current available information for both adults and children simultaneously on the burden and impact of allergic conditions in Colombia and in many Latin American countries is limited. The objectives of this study were to estimate the prevalence for asthma, allergic rhinitis (AR), atopic eczema (AE), and atopy in six colombian cities; to quantify costs to the patient and her/his family; and to determine levels of Immunoglobulin E (IgE) in asthmatic and healthy subjects. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional, population-based study in six cities during the academic year 2009–2010. We used a school-based design for subjects between 5–17 years old. We carried out a community-based strategy for subjects between 1–4 years old and adults between 18–59 years old. Serum samples for total and antigen-specific (IgE) levels were collected using a population-based, nested, case–control design. Results: We obtained information on 5978 subjects. The largest sample of subjects was collected in Bogotá (2392). The current prevalence of asthma symptoms was 12% (95% CI, 10.5-13.7), with 43% (95% CI, 36.3-49.2) reporting having required an emergency department visit or hospitalization in the past 12 months. Physician diagnosed asthma was 7% (95% CI, 6.1-8.0). The current prevalence of AR symptoms was 32% (95% CI, 29.5-33.9), and of AE symptoms was 14% (95% CI, 12.5-15.3). We collected blood samples from 855 subjects; 60.2% of asthmatics and 40.6% of controls could be classified as atopic. Conclusions: In Colombia, symptom prevalence for asthma, AR and AE, as well as levels of atopy, are substantial. Specifically for asthma, symptom severity and absence from work or study due to symptoms are important. These primary care sensitive conditions remain an unmet public health burden in developing countries such as Colombia.Public Healthrjdennis@cardioinfantil.or