The origins of Augustan portraiture : typology and dissemination of the pre-Actium Types

The following paper explores the provenance, typology, and significance of the pre-Actium Type portraits of Augustus Caesar. These types are the Béziers-Spoleto Type, Lucus Feroniae Type, and Type B. The provenance, when available, is traced to the location of origin and analyzed in historical context. A detailed typological analysis is offered for each type with a focus on Stirnlockenanalyse. Deviations from the ideal model are addressed and evaluated. Finally, the significance of the three types is reevaluated in light of the provenance and new typological analysis.Art Histor