Interoperability architecture for electric mobility

The current architecture for electric mobility provides insufficient integration with the electricity system, since at this moment there is no possibility for influencing the charge process based on information from market parties such as the distribution system operator. Charging can neither be influenced by grid constraints nor by the amount of (renewable) energy supply available. Because of the potential threats and opportunities and the impact these could have on the business model, there is a need for further integration of the energy and electric mobility markets. The aim of the current research is to define a reference architecture based on the current developments and concepts from literature to help market players in making the right steps forward. As main objectives, the reference architecture should (1) optimally integrate with the electricity system, (2) accommodate the adoption of renewable energy sources, (3) be aligned with European standardization developments and (4) have a positive impact on the current business model. The main concept behind the reference architecture is the concept of ‘smart charging’. Based on a literature study, a reference architecture is defined for electric mobility. To provide a path for implementation and migration, a migration architecture is proposed