Differential costs of sexual and vegetative reproduction in wild strawberry populations

The CO 2 costs of producing sexual and vegetative reproductive propagules were calculated for two species of wild strawberry, Fragaria virginiana and F. vesca . Five populations on sites representing a gradient of successional regrowth near Ithaca, New York, USA, were studied for two or three years each. Field studies of phenology, biomass, demography, and environment and laboratory studies of CO 2 exchange were integrated using a computerbased model of CO 2 dynamics to estimate costs of propagules.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/47757/1/442_2004_Article_BF00378305.pd