Cytotoxicity of Newly Synthesized Pd (II) Complexes on Esophageal Cancer Cell Line (KEYSE-30)

Background: Surgery, radiation therapy, drug therapy or a combination of these methods can be used for the treatment of malignancies. Drug therapy in cancer patients includes of chemotherapy, Biotherapy and use of monoclonal antibodies against antigens of malignant cells. One of the compounds that was used as drugs in chemotherapy against malignant cells, are heavy metal complexes. The present study aimed to assess the effects new anticancer palladium complexes have been performed on esophageal cancer cells. Methods: New palladium complexes, namely [(phen) Pd (µ-al-bis-dtc) Pd (phen)] (NO3)2 (where alkylenebisdithiocarbamate, al-bis-dtc= propylenebisdithiocarbamate (pn-bis-dtc, 1); butylenebisdithiocarbamate (bu-bis-dtc, 2); octylenebis- dithiocarbamate (oc-bis-dtc, 3) and phen=1,10-phenanthroline) was synthesized in the laboratory of Chemistry, University of Sistan and Baluchestan. In order to investigate the anticancer effects of three new complexes compared to cisplatin on esophageal cancer cell line (KYSE-30), cytotoxicity was examined through MTT and clonogenic assays. Ethidium bromide/acridine orange (EB/AO) staining was used for apoptotic and necrotic cells detection. Findings: The results of MTT and clonogenic assays showed that the IC50 value obtained from cells treated with complexes 1, 2 and 3 were much lower than cisplatin and also Ethidium bromide/acridine orange staining demonstrated that three new Complexes apply its cytotoxic effect via apoptotic pathway. Comparing the number of colonies formed after treatment with various concentrations of palladium complexes, showed significant differences compared with control. (P < 0.001). Conclusion: Findings of this study showed that anti-tumor effect of three new Complexes on KYSE- 30 cell line were higher than that of cisplatin. And even the use of low concentrations of palladium complexes can reduce the number of colonies and induces cell death by apoptosis and if it can do further researches later be used as an alternative drug in the treatment of esophageal cancer