The simulation of airframe noise applying Euler-perturbation and acoustic analogy approaches

The capability of three different perturbation approaches to tackle aiframe noise problems is studied. The three approaches represent different levels of complexity and are applied to trailing edge noise problems. In the Euler-perturbation approach the linearized Euler equations without source are used as governing acoustic equations. The sound generation and propagation is studied for several trailing edge shapes (blunt, sharp, and round trailing edges) by injecting upstream of the trailing edge test vortices into the mean-flow field. The effieciency to generate noise is determined for the trailing edge shapes by comparing the different generated sound intensities due to an initial standard vortex. Mach number scaling laws are determined varying the mean-flow Mach number. In the second simulation approach an extended acoustics analogy based on acoustic perturbation equations (APEs) is applied to simulate trailing edge noise of a flat plate. The acoustic source terms are computed from a synthetic turbulent velocity model. Furthermore, the far-field is computed via additional Kirchhoff extrapolation. In the third approach the sources of the extended acoustic analogy are computed from a Large Eddy Simulation (LES) of the compressible flow problem. The directivities due to a modeled and a LES based source, respectively, compare qualitatively well in the near field. In the far field the asymptotic directivities from the Kirchhoff extrapolation agree very well with the analytical solution of Howe. Furthermore, the sound pressure spectra can be shown to have similar shape and magnitude for the last two approaches