Prenatal Psychosocial Risk Factors for the Development of Postpartum Depression

In this study, multiple regression analysis was used to investigate the importance of prenatal psychosocial risk factors for the development of symptoms of postpartum depression in a community sample. The sample (N = 46) consisted of Norwegian women between 19 and 41 years of age (M = 29.11, SD = 4.84). Predictors were measured during the 28th week of pregnancy and depression symptoms assessed 3 months postpartum with the Depression subscale of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS-D) and the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). Symptoms of prenatal anxiety and depression together predicted postpartum EPDS score (R² = .221, p = .019). Emotional support tempered the adverse effect of prenatal anxiety on postpartum HADS-D score, whereas instrumental support potentiated this effect. Higher partner's income predicted lower postpartum HADS-D score. The best model for postpartum HADS-D included the predictors prenatal anxiety, emotional support, partner's income, and the interaction between prenatal anxiety and emotional support (R² = .470, p = .001). Results are discussed and interpreted in light of previous research and relevant psychological theory. The importance of research on risk factors for postpartum depression is stressed in relation to the need for early detection and speedy implementation of treatment