Autolysis, DNA uptake and recombination: role in Streptococcus mutans competence and biofilm formation

Bacteria in natural environments are most often found attached to surfaces, embedded in an extracellular matrix. The composition of the extracellular matrix includes polysaccharides, proteins and DNA. This mode of growth is associated with differential expression of several genes, including often regulatory genes such as those involved in bacterial cell-to-cell communication. In the biofilm mode, bacteria exhibit increased resistance to antimicrobials and to host defense systems