Structural analysis and electric behavior in rare earth modified lead titanate ferroelectric ceramics

A series of lanthanide ion, Ln, doped lead titanate ceramics at 8 at.% have been prepared with starting compositions Pb 0.88Ln 0.08TiO 3 (Ln = La, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd) using a standard ceramic method. Structural and electrical conductivity measurements are reported. Doping with La 3+ results in a marked reduction in tetragonality and cell volume concerning the pure lead titanate. A partial recovery is then observed with decrease size of Ln 3+ ion and suggests the onset of partial substitution of the rare earth on the B-site