Joint effects of intensity and duration of cigarette smoking on the risk of head and neck cancer: A bivariate spline model approach
- Di Credico G.
- Edefonti V.
- Polesel J.
- Pauli F.
- Torelli N.
- Serraino D.
- Negri E.
- Luce D.
- Stucker I.
- Matsuo K.
- Brennan P.
- Vilensky M.
- Fernandez L.
- Curado M.P.
- Menezes A.
- Daudt A.W.
- Koifman R.
- Wunsch-Filho V.
- Holcatova I.
- Ahrens W.
- Lagiou P.
- Simonato L.
- Richiardi L.
- Healy C.
- Kjaerheim K.
- Conway D.I.
- Macfarlane T.V.
- Thomson P.
- Agudo A.
- Znaor A.
- Boaventura Rios L.F.
- Toporcov T.N.
- Franceschi S.
- Herrero R.
- Muscat J.
- Olshan A.F.
- Zevallos J.P.
- La Vecchia C.
- Winn D.M.
- Sturgis E.M.
- Li G.
- Fabianova E.
- Lissowska J.
- Mates D.
- Rudnai P.
- Shangina O.
- Swiatkowska B.
- Moysich K.
- Zhang Z.-F.
- Morgenstern H.
- Levi F.
- Smith E.
- Lazarus P.
- Bosetti C.
- Garavello W.
- Kelsey K.
- McClean M.
- Ramroth H.
- Chen C.
- Schwartz S.M.
- Vaughan T.L.
- Zheng T.
- Menvielle G.
- Boccia S.
- Cadoni G.
- Hayes R.B.
- Purdue M.
- Gillison M.
- Schantz S.
- Yu G.-P.
- Brenner H.
- D&apos
- Gross N.D.
- Chuang S.-C.
- Boffetta P.
- Hashibe M.
- Lee Y.-C.A.
- Dal Maso L.
DOIAbstract
Objectives: This study aimed at re-evaluating the strength and shape of the dose-response relationship between the combined (or joint) effect of intensity and duration of cigarette smoking and the risk of head and neck cancer (HNC). We explored this issue considering bivariate spline models, where smoking intensity and duration were treated as interacting continuous exposures. Materials and Methods: We pooled individual-level data from 33 case-control studies (18,260 HNC cases and 29,844 controls) participating in the International Head and Neck Cancer Epidemiology (INHANCE) consortium. In bivariate regression spline models, exposures to cigarette smoking intensity and duration (compared with never smokers) were modeled as a linear piecewis...
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