Tolerância e Ambivalência - A iminência da culpa como fundo vivencial da tolerância

By clarifying the radical ambivalence that constitutes the relations of tolerance, this article seeks to distinguish different aspects of tolerance that are articulated in an ambivalent way: rational/abstract tolerance and lived/phenomenological tolerance; under- and overdeterminated tolerance; active and passive tolerance, among others. In terms of theoretical political reflection, this ambivalent structure is particularly sensitive to distortions; reason enough for a careful effort in order to avoid partial descriptions that could allow a hypocritical use of tolerance. Subsequently, this article attempts to link tolerance, in its experiential roots, to a communally shared guilt background. In view of this relation, it is also proposed that such a common background is, in its essence, nothing but the subjective modes of temporality living. A final section of this article highlights the identity character as the specific character of the social phenomenon of discrimination in the wider context of intolerance phenomena