Nucleation Time Prediction of Selected Inorganic Salts during Reverse Osmosis Treatment of Produced Water in Kern County

Produced water treatment in drought-stricken regions can serve to augment freshwater supplies for potable and non-potable use. Extensive hydraulic fracturing operations in California contributed to the production of approximately 10.5 billion gallons of natural oil and gas, making it the third-largest oil producing state in America. Thus, the reuse of the large amount of produced and flowback water from these operations serves to benefit drought stricken-regions if viable and cost-effective combinations of membrane treatment can be determine