Caracterização fisico-química, das propriedades reológicas e das proteínas de milho crioulo (Zea mays)

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Agrárias. Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciência dos Alimentos.Native landraces of Brazilian maize constitute one of the most valuable resources for the development of corn cultivars with end-use quality. Besides, they have high environmental adaptation potential which makes them desirable for breeding programs. The cultivation of maize landraces by small producers helps in the rescue, preservation, and production of varieties, which in turn maintains corn#s genetic variability. The choice of a particular landrace should be based not only on agronomic factors but also on the nutritional and industrial quality factors. For this purpose, eight Brazilian maize landraces were evaluated. Chemical composition, quality factors, superficial kernel appearance and starch granules were eterminated. Values for protein and lipids (dry basis) were in the range of 8-10,3% and 4,8-5,4%, respectively. Starch is the major component of maize, and ranged between 63 and 73%. The fatty acids composition was evaluated and these landraces showed the linoleic composition higher than the other, as usual to maize. All protein fractions were extracted and quantified. By SDS-PAGE, the molecular weight was obtained, and the superficial net charge was observed by capillary electrophoresis, which showed that albumins, globulins and prolamins, represented by zein I and II are clearly negatively net charge. The hardness of the kernel is controlled by the á-zein class, and all samples showed the presence of these proteins as seen by SDS-PAGE. The functional and thermal properties of maize flours were studied by RVA, texture analysis and rheology. Genetic clusters were constructed to evaluate the differences in the samples, and a large difference was found between the samples in each protein fraction. Dynamic properties was studied and the storage (G#) and lost of energy (G#) modulus were obtained, allowing to classified the gels formed as week gels. The frequency sweep had low interference on these results and for all samples the G# modulus was higher to G# modulus. The rheological study makes easy the application of the maize flours in starch-based products