Flow and air-entrainment around partially submerged vertical cylinders

In this study, a partially submerged vertical cylinder is moved at constant velocity through water, which is initially at rest. During the motion, the wake behind the cylinder induces free-surface deformation. Eleven cylinders, with diameters from D=1.4 to 16 cm, were tested under two different conditions: (i) constant immersed height h and (ii) constant h/D. The range of translation velocities and diameters are in the regime of turbulent wake with experiments carried out for 45001.2, the drag force varies linearly with Fr