A global social-ecological systems framework for coral reef fisheries: a practical monitoring handbook

What are the social, economic and ecological impacts of natural resource management? How can natural resources be managed sustainably into the future? What are the contextual conditions that facilitate positive or negative impacts of resource management? These are critical questions for natural resource management, but to date, the evidence for addressing these questions across many forms of management, including protected areas, is weak (Miteva et al. 2012). This is particularly true in regards to the social impacts of natural resource management (Bottrill et al. 2014, Pullin et al. 2013). Despite the immense amount of resources allocated by the conservation practitioners to ecological and social monitoring, often the right things are not being monitored in the right way to robustly assess the impact of conservation and management investments