Knowledge of Doping: how athletes learn about doping rules and practices

This study examines current knowledge about the practice of doping, amongst a sample of elite athletes, their coaches, and other support staff. The study comprised two phases using a mixed-methods explanatory design: an online quantitative survey followed by a series of face-to-face qualitative interviews. Participants were recruited from elite and/or professional teams in the state of Queensland, representing the sports of basketball, cricket, football (soccer), hockey, rugby league and rugby union, and many others. Participants were also recruited from the Queensland Academy of Sport, and (support staff only) from Sport Medicine Australia (Queensland Branch). A total sample of 433 athletes, coaches and support staff completed an online survey, with 98 also completing a face-to face interview. Over two-thirds of the athletes currently used nutritional/sports supplements. Two participants had previously used banned performance enhancements. Participants answered questions about topics including attitudes towards doping, motivations for using such substances and methods, knowledge of anti-doping rules, and doping practices. Participants were asked to state their own opinions, as well as their perceptions of the opinions of key stakeholders, such as fans and sponsors