Gender, migration and human security: HIV vulnerability among rural to urban migrants in the People's Republic of China

The 'human security' paradigm emerged in the early 1990s as a means of refocusing the security referent away from the state to the individual. It is a theory that is grounded in human rights and the provision of basic needs for all of humanity, regardless of their locale, identity or citizenship status. As a theory, it was not intended to replace notions of traditional security, but was instead intended to be a complementary theory on security as it has been argued that human insecurity actually threatens state security. While the concept itself remains somewhat contested in the political sciences, human security nonetheless provides a useful analysis of non-state security issues and dilemmas, particularly those that concern the human condition. In recent years there has been increasing recognition that the human security paradigm has overlooked the vulnerabilities often faced by women, many of which are gender-based and thereby not shared by men. To counter this, there have been attempts to 'engender' human security discourse in academic literature. This paper considers the vulnerabilities faced by female rural to urban migrants in the People's Republic of China and intersects the mainstream discourse on human security in an attempt to contribute further to the engendering of human security discourse