Programa de exercícios físicos nos centros de saúde: as condições de saúde dos idosos

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Desportos. Programa de Pós-graduação em Educação FísicaEste estudo teve como objetivo analisar as condicoes de saude de idosos participantes de um programa de exercicios fisicos implantado nos Centros de Saude (CS) do municipio de Florianopolis/SC. Tratou-se de uma pesquisa descritiva, fundamentada nos estudos de intervencao quase-experimental. A amostra foi selecionada de forma intencional e constituiu-se de 131 idosos (68,5 #}6,34 anos) participantes do Programa Floripa Ativa . fase B em quatro CS (Corrego Grande, Rio Tavares, Saco Grande e Policlinica do Estreito). A coleta de dados foi realizada em dois momentos distintos: 1) o idoso foi encaminhado pelo medico para participar do grupo de exercicios fisicos onde foi preenchido um cadastro sobre as informacoes sociodemograficas e condicoes de saude atual (doencas, medicamentos, consultas) referidos ou coletados no prontuario medico; 2) avaliou-se a aptidao funcional dos idosos atraves da Bateria de Testes da American Alliance for Health, Physical Education, Recreation and Dance . AAHPERD; questionaram-se as condicoes de saude dos idosos por meio de algumas questoes do Questionario de Qualidade de Vida da Organizacao Mundial da Saude (WHOQOL) e avaliou-se nivel da atividade fisica habitual atraves da aplicacao do Questionario Internacional de Atividades Fisicas (IPAQ). O preenchimento de questionarios e os testes motores foram realizados em agosto/2006, dezembro/2006, marco/2007 e agosto/2007. Os dados foram analisados no programa SPSS 11.5, por meio da analise descritiva, analise de variancia (ANOVA one-way), teste Tukey, teste Wilcoxon e teste Qui-quadrado. Para todas as analises, os resultados foram definidos como estatisticamente significantes para um valor de p.0,05. Como resultados, verificou-se que a maioria dos idosos eram mulheres (84,7%), casados (50,4%), tinham mais de oito anos de escolaridade (58,8%) e renda familiar de 2 a 5,9 salarios minimos (67,2%). Em relacao as condicoes de saude 89,3% tinham doencas, sendo predominantes as do sistema circulatorio (86.3%), 87% utilizavam medicamentos e se consideravam satisfeitos/muito satisfeitos com a saude atual (48,1%). Em relacao ao nivel de atividade fisica 79,5% dos idosos foram considerados mais ativos, mesmo antes de participarem do programa, sendo o dominio transporte o predominante (42,7%). Observou-se que os idosos que utilizaram mais medicamentos estavam mais insatisfeitos com a saude e eram menos ativos fisicamente. Com a implantacao do programa houve diminuicao no numero de consultas do ano de 2007 quando comparados com as de 2006. Atraves das analises de comparacao constatou-se que as variaveis que mais contribuiram para a melhora do Indice de Aptidao Funcional Geral foram: coordenacao, agilidade e resistencia de forca e aerobia. This research aimed to assess health conditions in the Florianopolis/SC health centers#f (HC) physical exercise program elder participants. The present study is a descriptive research, based on the intervention studies in a quasi-experimental form. The sample was intentionally selected and consisted of 131 senior participants (68.5 #}6.34 years old) from the Floripa Ativa program . stage B at four HC (at the neighborhoods of Corrego Grande, Rio Tavares, Saco Grande and Estreito Polyclinic). The data collecting occurred at 2 different moments: 1) the senior citizens were first advised by their respective doctors to participate in the physical exercise group. At this time, it was possible to collect demographic and health condition information (infirmities, medicines, medical consults) from their medical reports; 2) the participants#functional fitness was assessed by the American Alliance for Health, Physical Education, Recreation and Dance . AAHPERD tests; their health state was assessed by the WHO life quality questionnaire (WHOQOL) and the habitual physical activity level was assessed through the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). The fulfilled questionnaires and motor tests have been carried on August/2006, December/2006, March/2007 and August/2007. The data were analyzed on the SPSS 11.5 program, by means of the descriptive analysis, variance analysis (ANOVA oneway), Tukey test, Wilcoxon test and Qui-square test. For all the analysis, the results were considered statistically significant at p.0.05. With those results, it was possible to notice that most of the elderly people were women (84.7%), married people (50.4%), more than eight years of schooling (58.8%) and familiar income between 2 and 5.9 minimum wage (67.2%). Concerning health conditions, 89.3% of the participants report diseases, with the circulatory system infirmities being predominant (86.3%); 87% of the senior citizens were taking medicines and considered themselves satisfied/very satisfied with their current health (48,1%). Regarding physical activity levels, 79.5% of the participants were considered more active, even before their participation in the program, with the locomotion dimension being predominant (42.7%). It was possible to find that the senior citizens who consumed more medicine were more dissatisfied with their health and also were less physically active. With the Floripa Ativa program, there was a big and statistically significant reduction in the numbers of medical consultations, comparing 2007 to 2006. Comparison analyzes showed that the variable that most contributed for the Index of General Functional Fitness improvement were: Coordination, agility, strength and aerobic capacity