An international review of tobacco smoking research in the nursing profession, 1976-2006

Tobacco smoking represents a contentious issue in the nursing profession, and one that has now become an important topic in nursing research. Despite this fact, the epidemiological quality of research varies widely, and it has been difficult to accurately determine the true incidence of smoking among nurses. Given these inconsistencies, we conducted a state-of-the-art review to identify international trends in tobacco usage among nurses, to ascertain how the epidemiological quality of research has improved over the past 30 years, and also to elucidate the directions in which nursing research has evolved. A total of 73 English-language studies that met the inclusion criteria were located and analysed. Overall, our review suggests that, while tobacco smoking among nurses appears to be decreasing in many countries during recent years, the international trend is far from uniform, and some developed nations still report high smoking rates among their nursing staff. From a methodological perspective, the relative epidemiological quality of smoking research has also fluctuated over time, making it difficult to compare the results of one study to the next. Despite these caveats, tobacco smoking remains a key topic in nursing research, as well as a critically important occupational-health issue for the entire nursing profession. In order to make the next generation of tobacco research data as comparable as possible, future scholars should consider devising and implementing a standardised format for conducting international tobacco smoking research within the nursing profession