Aspectos neonatais e maternos da gestação na adolescência: [dissertação]

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências da Saúde. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas.Introdução: Este estudo foi realizado na Maternidade Carmela Dutra, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, de agosto a dezembro de 2002. Objetivo: Avaliar a influência da gestação na adolescência sobre os resultados neonatais, considerando aspectos socioeconômicos e psicossociais. Introduction: This trial was conducted in the Carmela Dutra Maternity Hospital, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, from August to December 2002. Objective: To assess the influence of teenage pregnancy on neonatal outcome, taking into account social-economic and psychosocial aspects. Methods: The sample was comprised of neonates born alive and their respective mothers of less than age 20 and in the age group 25 to 29. Data were collected based on post-partum interviews with the mothers, utilizing the chi square statistical test and admitting statistical significance when p<0.05. Results: Three hundred adolescents (43.4%) were included as well as 391 non-adolescents (56.6%), whose ages averaged 17.4 (+1.3) years and 26.9 (+1.3) years, respectively. The prevalence of neonates born alive from teenage mothers was 19.0%. There was an statistically significant association between being a pregnant teenager and not planning pregnancy, being single, living without a spouse, living in the consanguineous home or in the spouse's home, drinking less alcoholic beverages and taking illegal drugs during pregnancy, having the head of the family earn an income of less than or equal to three minimum wages, belonging to a lower social class, having a low school-level, dropping out of school, attending less than 6 pre-natal appointments and starting pre-natal care after the first quarter of pregnancy, weighing less than 50 kilograms before conception and being less frequently submitted to a cesarean section. No statistically significant association was found between teenage pregnancy and an Apgar score lower than 7 in the first and fifth minutes of life, low birth weight, prematurity, intra-uterine growth delay and neonatal mortality. Among adolescents and non-adolescents, the prevalences of birth weight lower than 2,500 grams were 9.3% and 7.4%; of prematurity, 10.0% and 9.2%; of neonates small for gestational age, 2.7% and 3.3%; and of neonatal mortality, 0.7% and 0.8%, respectively. Conclusion: In this study, teenage pregnancy does not interfere with neonatal outcome, but is associated with unfavorable conditions from the social-economic and psycho-social standpoints. Método: A amostra foi composta de nascidos vivos e respectivas mães com menos de 20 anos e de 25 a 29 anos. Os dados foram coletados de entrevistas com puérperas, sendo utilizado o teste estatístico qui-quadrado e admitida significância estatística, quando p