Metabolic syndrome

Pojam metabolički sindrom predstavlja skup visokorizičnih čimbenika za nastanak šećerne bolesti tipa 2 i kardiovaskularnih bolesti. Inzulinska rezistencija označava stanje u kojem inzulin, unatoč održanom lučenju iz gušterače, ne može ostvariti svoje unutarstanične učinke. Čimbenike koji djeluju na stanje inzulinske rezistencije dijelimo na prirođene ili stečene čimbenike. Različitost patoloških stanja organizma na temelju utjecaja inzulinske rezistencije proizlaze iz različitih učinaka inzulina kojima regulira temeljne metaboličke procese i same interakcije inzulinske rezistencije sa učincima kompenzatorne hiperinzulinemije u organima koji zadržavaju normalnu osjetljivost na inzulin. S inzulinskom rezistencijom korelira masno tkivo u abdominalnoj šupljini (visceralno tkivo) koje je za razliku od supkutanog metabolički aktivan organ pa je po novim saznanjima za kardiovaskularni rizik bitnija raspodjela masnog tkiva od njegove količine. Oba stanja su povezana sa intolerancijom glukoze, šećernom bolešću, dislipidemijom, arterijskom hipertenzijom, poremećajima u metabolizmu ugljikohidrata i masti, poremećajima koagulacije i fibrinolize te disfunkcijom endotela. Liječenje metaboličkog sindroma treba se provoditi liječenjem osnovnog uzroka. To se prije svega odnosi na zdraviji način života koji uključuje bolju kontrolu tjelesne težine, zdravu prehranu i povećanje tjelesne aktivnosti a potom na liječenje čimbenika rizika za kardiovaskularnu bolest, ukoliko su i dalje prisutni unatoč promjeni životnog stila.Metabolic syndrome refers to the co-occurrence of high risk factors for type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases. Insulin resistance could be defined as condition in which insulin, despite held secretion from the pancreas, can not achieve its intracellular effects. The factors that affect the condition of insulin resistance is divided into congenital or acquired factors. The variety of pathological conditions of the organism under the influence of insulin resistance are resulting from the various effects of insulin which regulates basic metabolic processes and also from the interaction of insulin resistance with compensatory hyperinsulinemia effects in organs that maintain normal insulin sensitivity.The insulin resistance correlates with adipose tissue in the abdominal cavity (visceral tissue), which is opposed to the subcutaneous, metabolically active organ. According to new findings for cardiovascular risk, the distribution of the adipose tissue is more important than its quantity. Both conditions are independently associated with glucose intolerance, type 2 diabetes, dyslipidaemia, arterial hypertension, disorders in the metabolism of carbohydrates and fats, prothrombotic and proinflammatory disorders and endothelial disfunction. The treatment of the metabolic syndrome should be carried out by treatment of the main cause. This primarily refers to a healthier lifestyle that includes better control of body weight, healthy nutrition and increasing physical activity and then to the treatment of risk factors for cardiovascular disease