Next-generation sequencing and HIV drug resistance surveillance

Circulating drug-resistant HIV-1 variants in antiretroviral-naive populations are on the rise in regions where access to antiretroviral therapy (ART) has recently been scaled up, particularly in low-income and middleincome countries (LMICs).1,2 This increase threatens the success of national ART programmes and the achievability of the UNAIDS 90-90-90 treatment goals for AIDS.