Reforms and children: Issues and Hypotheses Regarding the Impacts of Reform Policies on the Welfare of Children in India, with special emphasis on Andhra Pradesh.

In contrast to reforms throughout much of Asia, economic liberalisation only really began in India in 1991. This paper investigates the effects of subsequent macroeconomic and policy changes on the welfare of children in India, particularly in the progressive southern state of Andhra Pradesh. Since it is impossible to identify clear and uniform causal relationships between policy changes and child welfare, the paper discusses a number of mechanisms through which economic and welfare reforms could have an impact on the rights and capacity of children in India. These mechanisms are of four different kinds: a) some sectoral policies may have a direct effect on children’s rights and capabilities; b) economic policy changes may affect household livelihoods, and thereby indirectly the welfare of children in them; c) some policies are likely to have an effect on the wider administrative, governance and economic environment; and d) the reforms may influence social norms, lifestyles and people’s aspirations, with consequences for child welfare. Each of these mechanisms is elaborated, and several hypotheses linking reforms with welfare of children discussed. The paper ends with some suggestions for further research